What is neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)?
An NMOSD diagnosis can feel daunting. Before discussing treatment options, let's start with how this autoimmune disease works.
NMOSD is a rare inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
NMOSD is an autoimmune disease with unpredictable relapses that may lead to cumulative and permanent damage and disability. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks normal tissue of the central nervous system (CNS).
Inflammation can result in relapses that may be severe and unpredictable. These relapses are thought to result in vision loss, muscle weakness and paralysis.
NMOSD mostly impacts nerves of the eyes and other parts of the CNS, which include the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms will be different for each person and depend largely on the location and severity of the inflammation.
Some common NMOSD symptoms include:
1
Optic nerve-related symptoms:
- Blurred vision
- Inability to see colors
- Complete vision loss
2
Spinal cord-related symptoms:
- Pain/weakness or paralysis in legs
- Loss of sensation or numbness
- Bladder and bowel control issues
Other common symptoms:
- Spasms
- Persistent nausea
- Uncontrollable vomiting
- Persistent hiccups
- Sleeping problems
NMOSD affects nearly 15,000 people in the United States
It predominantly affects women — up to 9 women are affected for every 1 man affected
It can occur in people in their 30s and 40s, but children and adults can also be affected
NMOSD appears to be more common in people of African or Asian background
80% to 90% of people with NMOSD experience recurring relapses
"Things might look and feel different. But I've found beauty in the things I've discovered about myself after this diagnosis."
-Layla, diagnosed with NMOSD in 2022
Ready to start the conversation?
Find tips for having an open discussion with your doctor about your experience with NMOSD